Abstract

Research Article

Isolation and biochemical characterization of Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) bacteria colonizing the rhizosphere of Tef crop during the seedling stage

Zerihun Tsegaye*, Birhanu Gizaw, Genene Tefera, Adey Feleke, Solomon Chaniyalew, Tesfaye Alemu and Fasil Assefa

Published: 28 March, 2019 | Volume 3 - Issue 1 | Pages: 013-027

The use of novel PGPR as bio inoculant is an alternative sustainable agricultural practice to improve soil health, grain quality, increase crop productivity, and conserve biodiversity. The aim of this study is to isolate, and characterized PGP bacteria colonizing tef rhizosphere during the seedling stage. For this concern, 426 samples of tef (Eragrostis tef) rhizosphere soils and roots were collected from East Shewa zone, Oromia regional state. 200 morphologically different bacterial pure colonies were isolated and screened for their PGP traits and biocontrol properties. Among these 40.5% isolates were positive for phosphate solubilization. 36% were positive for IAA production, 4.5% were positive for ammonia production, 19 % were positive for (EXPS), 15.5% were positive for protease production, 12.5% were positive for HCN productions, 9.5 % were positive for cellulase production, 4% were positive for amylase production, 3.5% were positive for chitinase production. For abiotic stress tolerance test, all of the isolates were grown well at 20oc and 30oc and neutral pH, 27% isolates were grown well at 4oc, 25.5% grew at 40oc, 25.5% were grown well on pH-9 and pH-11, 23.5% were tolerated pH-5, 3.5% grew at 50oc and 60oc, 13.5% were grown well on 5% NaCl (w/v), 3.5% were grown well on 10 and 15% NaCl (w/v), which indicated these isolates can survive in some extreme conditions. Totally 15 bacterial species having PGP traits, biocontrol properties, and abiotic stress tolerance ability were identified using the Biolog bacterial identification system. Among these, the majority of the identified PGPR have utilized carbohydrate, carboxylic acid, and amino acid, which are the main components of plant root exudates. The above results indicated that thus PGPR can be used as biofertilizers as well as biocontrol agents to replace agrochemicals to improve crop productivity. Hence, these species can be further formulated and used for greenhouse and field applications.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001027 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Biolog; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria; Tef; Rhizosphere; Rhizoplane

References

  1. Tsegaye Z, Assefa F, Tefera G, Alemu T, Gizaw B. Characterization and Identification of Tef (Eragrostis tef) Seed Endophytic Bacterial Species and Evaluate their Effect on Plant Growth Promotion. J Plant Pathol Microbiol. 2018; 9: 438-446. Ref.: https://goo.gl/ykMZ8j
  2. Ketema S. Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops 12. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. 1997; 52. Ref.: https://goo.gl/5UMGqZ
  3. Jansen GR, DiMaio LR, Hause NL. Amino acid composition and lysine supplementation of tef. J Agric Food Chem. 1962; 10: 62-64. Ref.: https://goo.gl/rRfbFH
  4. Ketema S. Tef (Eragrostis tef): breeding, genetic resource, agronomy utilization and role in Ethiopia agriculture. Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa. 1993; 147. Ref.: https://goo.gl/24rvxV
  5. Zeleke G, Agegnehu G, Abera D, Rashid S. Fertilizer and soil fertility potential in Ethiopia: Constraints and opportunities for enhancing the system. IFPRI, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. 2010; 63. Ref.: https://goo.gl/DLkph3
  6. CSA (Central Statistical Agency). Agricultural Sample Survey 2008-2013 Vol. 1. Report on area and production for major crops (private peasant holding meher season) statistical Bulletin. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2008.
  7. Bekele, E. A review of research on diseases of barley, tef and wheat in Ethiopia. 79- 08. In: Abate T. (ed.) A review of crop protection research in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the first Ethiopian crop protection symposium, 4-7 February. 1985, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia IAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 1985. Ref.: https://goo.gl/kwd62A
  8. Vandana UM, Chopra A, Choudhury A, Adapa D, Mazumder PB. Genetic diversity and antagonistic activity of plant growth promoting bacteria, isolated from tea-rhizosphere: a culture dependent study. Biomedical Res. 2018; 29: 853-864. Ref.: https://goo.gl/52qUST
  9. Muleta D, Assefa F, Granhall U. In vitro antagonism of rhizobacteria isolated from Coffea Arabica L. against emerging fungal coffee pathogens. Eng Life Sci. 2007; 7: 1-11. Ref.: https://goo.gl/drhikn
  10. Farina R, Beneduzia A, Ambrosinia A, de Camposa SB, Lisboab BB, et al. Diversity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria communities associated with the stages of canola growth. Appl Soil Ecol. 2012; 55: 44–52. Ref.: https://goo.gl/wScGyG
  11. Husen E. Screening of soil bacteria for plant growth promoting activities in vitro. J Agric Sci. 2005; 4: 27–31. Ref.: https://goo.gl/kZKznn
  12. Vessey JK. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant-soil. 2003; 255: 571–586. Ref.: https://goo.gl/CCCajt
  13. Alquéres S, Meneses C. Rouws L. Rothballer M. Baldani I, et al. The bacterial superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase are crucial for endophytic colonization of rice roots by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2013; 26: 937-945. Ref.: https://goo.gl/1bg9bL
  14. Carvalhais LC, Dennis PG, Fan B, Fedoseyenko D, Kierul K, et al. Linking plant nutritional status to plant-microbe interactions. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e68555. Ref.: https://goo.gl/jL9gjP
  15. Gorfu D, Ahmed E. Crops and Agro-ecological Zones of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. Unpublished Document. 1996. Ref.: https://goo.gl/FbKCAq
  16. Gemechu D. Aspects of climate and water budget in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University Press. 1977; 76. Ref.: https://goo.gl/adVn7s
  17. Pikovskaya RE. Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in concentration with vital activity of some microbial species. Microbiologiya. 1948; 17: 362-370. Ref.: https://goo.gl/C2C3v3
  18. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM. Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of vanadium pentoxide powders. J Mater Sci Eng. 2013; 11: 001. Ref.: https://goo.gl/kdvT5M
  19. Brick JM, Bostock RM, Silverstone SE. Rapid in situ assay for indole acetic acid production by bacteria immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane, Appl Environ Microbial. 2004; 57: 535-538. Ref.: https://goo.gl/N2bsdL
  20. Castric PA. Hydrogen cyanide, a secondary metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can J Microbiol. 1975; 21: 613-618. Ref.: https://goo.gl/8iCuGv
  21. Bakker AW, Schippers B. Microbial cyanides production in the rhizosphere inrela-tion to potato yield reduction and Pseudomona sspp. Mediated plant growth stimulation. Soil Microbiol Biochem. 1987; 19: 451–457. Ref.: https://goo.gl/gta2ur
  22. Chang WT, Hsieh CH, Hsieh HS, Chen C. Conversion of crude chitosan to an anti-fungal protease by Bacillus cereus. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2009; 25: 375–382. Ref.: https://goo.gl/rru6s7
  23. Khianngam S, Pootaengon Y, Techakriengkrai T, Tanasupawat S. Screening and identification of cellulase-producing bacteria isolated from oil palm meal. J App Pharm Sci. 2014; 4: 090-096. Ref.: https://goo.gl/nwucT6
  24. Gupta R, Gigras P, Mohapatra H, Goswami VK, Chauhan B. Microbial α-amylases: a iotechnological perspective. Process Biochem. 2003; 38: 1599-1616. Ref.: https://goo.gl/1KNB8u
  25. Roberts WK, Selitrennikoff CP. Plant and bacterial chitinases differ in antifungal activity. J Gen Microbiol. 1988; 134: 169-176. Ref.: https://goo.gl/Pkx4VF
  26. Morgan MC, Boyette M, Goforth C, Sperry KV, Greene SR. Comparison of the Biolog OmniLog Identification System and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing for accuracy in identification of atypical bacteria of clinical origin. J Microbiol Methods. 2009; 79: 336-343. Ref.: https://goo.gl/KiSh3j
  27. Naseem H, Bano A. Role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their exopolysaccharide in drought tolerance of maize. Journal of Plant Interactions. 2014; 9: 689-701. Ref.: https://goo.gl/9Ehp4X
  28. Tsegaye Z, Assefa F, Beyene D. Properties and application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Int J Curr Trend Pharmacobiol Med Sci. 2017; 2: 30-43. Ref.: https://goo.gl/fA4aFd
  29. Liu M, Liu X, Cheng BS, Ma XL, Lyu XT, et al. Selection and evaluation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from grapevine rhizospheres for use as biofertilizers. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2016; 14: 6144-9714. Ref.: https://goo.gl/wXin4C
  30. Dasgupta D, Sengupta C, Paul G. Screening and identification of best three phosphate solubilizing and IAA producing PGPR inhabiting the rhizosphere of Sesbania bispinosa. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2015; 4: 3968-3979. Ref.: https://goo.gl/HGyJuz
  31. Habib SH, Kausar H, Saud HM, Ismail MR, Othman R. Molecular Characterization of Stress Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for Growth Enhancement of Rice. Int J Agric Biol. 2015; 18: 184–191. Ref.: https://goo.gl/HhaKCG
  32. Patten CL, Glick BR. Bacterial biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid. Can J Microbiol. 1996; 42: 207-220. Ref.: https://goo.gl/1wk81p
  33. Carrillo AE, Li CY, Bashan Y. Increased acidification in the rhizosphere of cactus seedlings induced by Azospirillum brasilense. Naturwissenschaften 89. 202; 428-432. Ref.: https://goo.gl/KGpHcK
  34. Naher UA, Radziah O, Halimi MS, Shamsuddin ZH, Razi MI. Effect of root exuded specific sugars on biological nitrogen fixation and growth promotion in rice (Oryza sativa). Aust J Crop Sci. 2011; 5: 1210-1217. Ref.: https://goo.gl/aXzBgr
  35. Upadhyay SK, Singh JS, Singh DP. Exopolysaccharide-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under salinity condition. Pedosphere. 2011; 21: 214–222. Ref.: https://goo.gl/6z4Hp1
  36. Parida SK, Das AB. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety. 2005; 60: 324–349. Ref.: https://goo.gl/6JrSCq
  37. Berg G. Plant-microbe interactions promoting plant growth and health: perspectives for controlled use of microorganisms in agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009; 84: 11–18. Ref.: https://goo.gl/d6VvWp
  38. Devi R, Thakur R. Screening and identification of bacteria for plant growth promoting traits from termite mound soil. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018; 7: 1681-1686. Ref.: https://goo.gl/fAkr13
  39. Zahid M, Abbasi MK, Hameed S, Rahim N. Isolation and identification of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from the Himalayan region of Kashmiran their effect on improving growth and nutrient contents of maize (Zeamays L.). Front Microbiol. 2015; 6: 207. Ref.: https://goo.gl/7j4a7D

Figures:

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 1

Figure 3

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?